Finland has reinforced its border security in response to what it perceives as Russian tactics aimed at destabilizing the region. The Finnish Interior Minister, Mari Rantanen, announced the completion of a 120-mile fence near the Nuijamaa border crossing. This project comes amid increased tensions between the two neighboring countries.
In December 2023, Finland made the decision to close its 1,340 km (832 mile) border with Russia, which is the longest border Russia shares with any EU or NATO member. This closure followed an incident where over 1,300 migrants arrived at the Finnish border without visas. Finland accused Russia of using migrants as a means to create instability, though Russia has denied these claims.
The situation developed further when Finland, previously neutral, joined NATO. This decision was influenced by security concerns stemming from Russia’s activities, particularly its invasion of Ukraine. According to Sari Arho Havrén, an associate fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, the threat at the Finnish border remains significant.
Tensions Between Russia and Finland
Rantanen has expressed the need for the border fence, citing the security threat from Russia to Europe. She emphasized the importance of protecting a country’s security and borders. The Finnish government believes the fence serves as an effective means for managing migration orchestrated by Russia.
Furthermore, Finland plans to extend its Border Security Act that regulates entry into the country, especially during instances of orchestrated migration, until the end of 2028. This act enables Finland to restrict asylum applications and repatriate individuals if migration is used as a tool for pressure.
Land border crossings between Finland and Russia remain closed, reflecting ongoing concerns over potential repeated actions by Russia. Rantanen and other officials believe these measures are necessary to safeguard Finland.
Military Preparations
Strengthening its defenses, Finland is bolstering its military capabilities as part of its NATO membership. The Finnish defense company Patria has constructed its first F-35 fighter jet engine. Additionally, Finland has ordered 64 F-35A fighter jets from U.S. defense firm Lockheed Martin, with initial deliveries expected soon.
Development of the Border Fence
In October 2022, Finnish political party leaders agreed to build sections of a border fence. The initiative began with a pilot project in Pelkola, near Imatra, in April 2023. The primary areas with fencing, spanning approximately 80 miles, are located in the southeast. Other sections are in North Karelia, Kainuu, and Finnish Lapland.
The fence project costs 356 million euros ($413 million) and includes patrol roads, loudspeakers, night lighting, and surveillance systems. Similar defensive structures have been constructed in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland along their borders with Belarus.