In Nairobi’s Kibera, an informal settlement known for its bustling activities, the atmosphere is tense for foreign nationals operating small businesses. President William Ruto recently mandated the shutdown of small businesses run by foreigners, urging that these jobs belong to Kenyans. This move has triggered fear among immigrant communities.
James Mogaka, who manages a matatu terminal, observes the immediate effects. He notes the absence of many vehicles, typically owned by foreigners, from daily operations. Mogaka is particularly concerned for his driver, whose wife, a Burundian national, owns a fruit business. He worries about potential hostility towards her.
The policy announcement has sparked anxiety. It aligns with a broader trend of restricting foreign-owned businesses in some African countries, which includes measures in Tanzania and xenophobic violence in South Africa. In Kenya, affected individuals are hesitant to discuss the issue publicly.
Local opinions are split. While trader Robert Kiberenge criticizes the move as a distraction from more critical issues, graduate Kiprono Kutuny supports the decision. Kutuny argues it’s necessary to shield local traders from competition based on cheap labor.
Kenya’s role as East Africa’s economic leader and its political stability have attracted nearly 993,000 international migrants by 2024, according to the United Nations. The government’s policy aims to protect local businesses from foreign competition within a densely populated sector. However, economist Edward Kusewa believes this could harm economic growth and the African Continental Free Trade Area’s principles.
Ruto faces electoral challenges next year amid economic concerns and debates over business ownership. As efforts to calm affected communities continue, many foreign nationals, particularly from countries like Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo, are seeking embassy assistance for documentation to return home.
In a bid to address worries, the government has allowed undocumented East African nationals a 90-day period to secure or update necessary documents to remain and conduct business in Kenya. Yet, apprehension about the future remains pervasive.