A tick bite in New York has highlighted a diagnostic problem regarding the Bourbon virus, an uncommon tick-borne illness without a vaccine or cure. A recent study confirmed the first Bourbon virus infection in New York State, specifically on Long Island. This research was published in the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
Tick-Borne Diseases on the Rise
Dr. Suraj Saggar from Holy Name Medical Center in New Jersey emphasized the spread of tick-borne diseases to new regions as climate changes. Tick-prone areas are expanding due to warmer temperatures and changing precipitation patterns, making previously inhospitable regions more suitable for ticks.
Misdiagnosis Highlights Diagnostic Challenges
The study’s authors noted the patient was first diagnosed with Lyme disease and treated accordingly. However, fatigue and severe headaches persisted. Luis Marcos of Stony Brook University stated the patient’s antibody levels increased significantly over a month, confirming Bourbon virus infection. Early symptoms of Bourbon virus resemble Lyme disease, leading to misdiagnosis. Lack of commercial tests for Bourbon virus means that samples must go to the state health department for proper testing.
Research and Findings
The discovery stemmed from a broader study of 107 individuals in Suffolk County, New York, who developed fever and other symptoms after tick bites between 2019 and 2024. Blood samples were examined for Powassan, Heartland, and Bourbon viruses. Two patients had antibodies indicative of Bourbon virus infection, and one had antibodies for Heartland virus. None tested positive for Powassan virus.
Bourbon virus, named after Bourbon County, Kansas, was first identified in 2014. Although rare, its detection in New York suggests its range is increasing. Common symptoms include fever, fatigue, rash, headache, body aches, and nausea, transmitted by the lone star tick, now associated with meat allergies.
Prevention Tips
Saggar advised that tick-borne illnesses are prominent in areas like the Mid-Atlantic, Northeast, New England, and parts of the Midwest and West. Lyme disease incidents have increased as tick habitats extend. To prevent bites, Saggar suggested wearing light-colored clothing, long sleeves, and pants tucked into socks during outdoor activities. Using repellents with DEET and permethrin-treated clothing is effective.
After being outdoors, thoroughly check for ticks on the body, paying attention to places like behind the knees, the groin, under the arms, and along the scalp. Removing attached ticks quickly reduces risk. Healthcare providers might prescribe doxycycline if ticks were attached for 48 to 72 hours.