The mass trial of 485 alleged members of the international criminal organization, Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13), concluded on Wednesday in El Salvador. Prosecutors presented closing arguments and requested maximum sentences for charges that include homicide, extortion, and human trafficking.
Human rights organizations have criticized the trial process, arguing that it infringes on defendants’ rights under El Salvador’s state of emergency. The emergency, enacted in March 2022, suspended some constitutional rights, leading to the detention of tens of thousands of Salvadorans. Juan Pappier from Human Rights Watch stated, “The police arrested thousands without investigation, and the courts are now convicting without credible evidence or defense opportunities.”
The Public Prosecutor’s Office claims that the accused gang members are responsible for 14,420 crimes, including 444 murders, over a decade from 2012 to 2022. Prosecutors seek maximum penalties, potentially resulting in life sentences and $9 million in civil damages.
MS-13 is designated as a foreign terrorist organization by the United States. The prosecution alleges the gang used around 1,200 children for criminal activities, exploited 638 women, and formed numerous groups, some operating internationally.
During the hearings, prosecutors presented audio recordings purportedly capturing gang leaders ordering illegal activities. The trial was conducted virtually, with defendants appearing from the Terrorism Confinement Center (CECOT), a mega-prison established by President Nayib Bukele’s government. This facility prohibits visits, recreation, and education.
The verdict date remains uncertain. Legal reforms in July 2023 allowed collective trials based on gangs or territories under the state of emergency. More than 92,480 individuals tied to gangs have been jailed. President Bukele announced the release of 8,000 innocent individuals. However, organizations have logged over 6,000 human rights complaints, noting at least 547 custodial deaths.
In spite of mounting criticisms, the state of emergency enjoys local support. Many Salvadorans, weary from prolonged violence, commend Bukele’s efforts to enhance security.
This trial follows a 2022 conviction of 45 Barrio 18 gang members on similar charges. One leader received a 397-year sentence. The MS-13 leaders currently on trial include Dionisio Arístides Umanzor Osorio, Borromeo Henríquez Solórzano, Carlos Tiberio Ramírez Valladares, and César Antonio López Larios.
Associated Press reporter Anna-Catherine Brigida contributed to this report from Mexico City.