A Surge in Cyclosporiasis Cases Reported
Recent data reveal a significant increase in cyclosporiasis cases across over a dozen states. Cyclosporiasis is a parasitic infection that can cause severe diarrhea. Michigan is identified as a significant hotspot, with over 1,500 cases and 44 hospitalizations, per statistics from the Michigan Health and Human Services (HHS) department as of July 9. Remarkably, the state usually records around 50 infections annually.
The source of the outbreak remains unidentified. The rapid spread of cases across states is being closely monitored, with Ohio reporting 177 cases, Illinois 141 cases, New York 120 cases, North Carolina 110 cases, and Texas 48 cases.
Scope and Scale of the Outbreak
There is growing national interest in this surge, with authorities examining whether this reflects an isolated severe outbreak or a broader seasonal trend. According to the CDC, 145 domestic cases were detected across 17 states between May 1 and June 16. However, state-level reporting often precedes national surveillance data, suggesting the true outbreak scale might be larger than federal figures indicate.
“Reporting is inconsistent and may be less complete than in prior cyclospora seasons,” stated David Relman, Professor of Medicine at Stanford Medicine.
Relman noted a “paucity of information” regarding clustering of cases and potential common exposure points, attributing this to decreased surveillance capabilities since early 2025. Monitoring of foodborne illnesses was scaled back by the CDC during the Trump administration.
Understanding the Rise in Infections
Keith Schneider, a professor of food safety at the University of Florida, confirmed the significant spike compared to previous years. Historical data on cyclospora outbreaks is scarce, but notable surges were registered in 2018 (3,519 cases) and 2019 (4,703 cases).
Currently, the U.S. has surpassed 1,000 cases of cyclosporiasis halfway through the peak season, which typically lasts from May 1 to August 31, coinciding with high consumption of fresh produce.
“We’ve had bigger outbreaks, but this one is growing faster than usual,” commented Jennifer Acuff from the University of Arkansas.
Common Sources of Cyclospora Infection
Contaminated fresh produce, exposed to tainted water or human waste, is a frequent source of cyclospora. Lee-Ann Jaykus from NC State University identified fresh vegetables, herbs, and berries as common carriers.
Multi-component foods like salad mixes or vegetable trays complicate pinpointing exact contamination sources. Jaykus highlighted the difficulty in tracing infections due to the time delay between exposure and symptom onset.
There have been reports suggesting Taco Bell has temporarily removed certain ingredients due to the outbreak. However, there has been no official comment from Taco Bell on these claims.
Measures to Prevent Cyclosporiasis
Caused by the Cyclospora cayetanensis parasite, cyclosporiasis typically spreads through contaminated food or water. Avoiding these items is the most effective preventive measure.
Jennifer Acuff advised, “Washing produce won’t eliminate the parasite, but can help reduce risk.” Symptoms manifest a week post-exposure and include diarrhea, stomach cramps, bloating, nausea, fatigue, and appetite loss. The illness can last weeks if untreated, posing elevated risks for immunocompromised individuals.
Relman noted washing limitations due to cyclospora’s sticky nature. Preventing contamination on farms and removing tainted produce are favored methods over consumer washing.
“A safe food supply demands sustained resources, dedication, and expertise,” Relman emphasized.