GLP-1 weight-loss drugs like Ozempic and Wegovy are gaining popularity, but experts caution that rapid weight loss and severe caloric restriction may deprive the brain of vital energy and nutrients.
Potential Risks
Dr. Tommy Wood, a professor at the University of Washington, discussed the spectrum of energy availability during weight loss at a fitness festival in New York City. Wood emphasized that the brain is the body’s most energy-demanding organ.
Brain reserve, referring to the amount and integrity of brain tissue, follows a bell-shaped curve relative to energy availability. Excess energy from obesity and metabolic diseases can damage blood vessels and contribute to insulin resistance. In these cases, GLP-1 medications may benefit cognitive health by improving blood pressure and blood sugar control.
However, at the lower end of the energy spectrum, extreme caloric deficits pose risks to the brain. Without adequate fuel, the brain might consume its own tissue, as illustrated by a study showing brain shrinkage in marathon runners due to energy depletion. The brain size decreased during the marathon but recovered after resting and refueling.
Muscle Quality and Nutrients
Concerns about lean muscle loss are nuanced. While early “lean mass” loss could be fat within muscles, the functioning and quality of muscles may improve.
Dr. Wood warned of risks when GLP-1 users reduce food intake drastically for long periods. Adequate neuro-nutrients like B vitamins, vitamin D, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids are crucial to prevent cognitive impairment.
“If you’re not eating enough, you’re not getting the nutrients critical for brain health,” Wood commented.
Protecting Brain Health During Weight Loss
To protect brain health while losing weight, Wood advised incorporating resistance training twice weekly to maintain functional muscle mass and stimulate brain growth factors. Ensuring sufficient intake of neuro-nutrients is vital to avoid long-term cognitive issues.
“It’s beneficial to start, but ensure you get enough of what the brain needs,” Wood recommended.
Khloe Quill, a lifestyle writer with Fox News Digital, covers topics such as health, food and drink, and travel.