A new study suggests a connection between a common neurodevelopmental disorder and increased dementia risk. Conducted by the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, this research involved over 187,000 adults aged 50 and older. It found that ADHD, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, is linked with a significantly higher risk of developing dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Study Insights
The observational study utilized electronic health records and genetic data from individuals enrolled in the U.S. National Institutes of Health All of Us Research Program. Findings showed cognitive impairment in 6.7% of participants with ADHD compared to 3.4% of those without the disorder, nearly doubling the incidence rate.
Even after adjusting for variables like age, gender, and other health conditions, those with ADHD faced more than four times the dementia risk. However, the researchers clarified that while the study indicates an association, it does not prove ADHD causes dementia.
“This doesn’t prove that ADHD causes dementia, but seeing the same pattern show up independently in medical records and in people’s genes gives us greater confidence that the association is not simply an artifact of how ADHD gets diagnosed,” said Tharick A. Pascoal, senior author and associate professor of psychiatry and neurology at the University of Pittsburgh.
Genetic Susceptibility
The investigation found a 35% increased dementia risk in those with the highest genetic susceptibility to ADHD compared to those with the lowest. Co-first author Guilherme Bauer-Negrini, a postdoctoral associate in biomedical data science, stated the value of examining genetic information alongside years of health history to detect patterns in larger populations.
Understanding the Link
Dr. Elizabeth Landsverk, a geriatric medicine and dementia expert, highlighted potential reasons for increased cognitive impairment among those with ADHD. She noted difficulties in organization and neurological factors as possible contributors. People with ADHD often struggle to manage their health, potentially increasing the risk of cognitive decline.
Landsverk pointed out a 20% higher incidence of health resource usage among ADHD patients. She emphasized the complexities in managing Medicare, suggesting those with ADHD find navigating health resources more challenging.
ADHD vs Dementia
Landsverk explained how ADHD and dementia might present similar symptoms, such as forgetfulness. She warned that persistent difficulty with daily tasks might signal a need for medical evaluation. While symptoms can overlap, changes in judgment, mood, or social behavior may differentiate dementia from ADHD.
Reducing Risk
Although the study showed a link between ADHD and cognitive impairment, Landsverk underscored lifestyle adjustments to mitigate dementia risk. She advised maintaining a healthy weight, refraining from smoking and excessive drinking, and engaging in physical activity. Controlling blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes also helps.
Landsverk recommended a largely plant-based diet and at least 30 minutes of daily exercise. Physical activity not only benefits health but also supports mood and focus.
For those experiencing ongoing issues with memory, focus, or daily task management, seeking professional evaluation is advisable.