Thousands of migrants have entered Ceuta, a small Spanish territory in North Africa, from Morocco. At least nine people died attempting the crossing. In response, Spain sent its military to restore order at the border. Images and videos show large groups, mainly Moroccans, crossing at an urban beach near a checkpoint. Most appeared to be young men, but families with women and children were also present. This recent surge comes after an increase in migrants trying to reach Ceuta, primarily by swimming.
An Autonomous Spanish City in Africa
Ceuta, along with Melilla located 400 kilometers east, lies on the northern coast of Africa along the Mediterranean. These cities are autonomous and part of Spain, holding the EU’s only land borders with Africa. Ceuta has been under Spanish control since 1580 and hosts a mix of Christians, Muslims, Spaniards, and Moroccans living in relative peace. Morocco, however, does not recognize Ceuta or Melilla as Spanish and labels them as occupied lands.
Diplomatic Tensions Between Spain and Morocco
The city of Ceuta, with a population of 85,000, has previously been central to major diplomatic issues between Spain and Morocco. In May 2021, Morocco loosened its border controls, allowing around 8,000 migrants to enter Ceuta from Morocco and sub-Saharan countries over two days. This was likely in retaliation for Spain providing medical care to a Western Sahara independence leader. Tensions eased only after Spain shifted its stance on Western Sahara and the Spanish Prime Minister met with King Mohammed VI of Morocco.
A Key Entry Point for Migrants to Europe
Spain is a significant entry point for migrants seeking better lives in Europe. Ceuta and Melilla are fortified and are key destinations for those crossing from Morocco and other African regions. Many arriving in Ceuta or Melilla face immediate deportation, while some are held in shelters where they can apply for asylum in Spain. Migrants often swim from Moroccan towns like Fnideq, covering 5 kilometers to enter Spanish territory.
While Ceuta and Melilla see fewer arrivals than Spain’s Canary and Balearic Islands, Spain’s immigrant population has increased significantly over recent decades. Of Spain’s 50 million residents, approximately 10 million were born elsewhere, hailing from countries like Colombia, Venezuela, and Morocco. These immigrants contribute to vital sectors, including agriculture, tourism, and services.